National parks of the Caucasus

Standing at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, the national parks of the Caucasus are set within a mountain range that forms a striking landmark along this historic cultural divide. These peaks are home to some of Europe’s most beautiful yet lesser-known highland landscapes and protected areas, giving their name to the captivating Caucasus region, which includes Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

Though compact in size, the Caucasus region offers an impressive mix of natural beauty, cultural diversity, and intrigue. Its major cities are quickly modernizing, while still honoring their rich histories, while rural areas remain deeply rooted in tradition, with agriculture forming the backbone of local life. The landscape stretches from dramatic mountain peaks and serene valleys threaded with streams to the Black Sea coast and lush lowlands lined with vineyards. From mouthwatering cuisine and legendary hospitality to ancient landmarks, the Caucasus has much to offer, but it’s the region’s natural beauty that truly steals the show. We’ve spotlighted some of the most compelling national parks in the Caucasus to spark your wanderlust.

Armenia

Lake Sevan National Park

Serene and sparkling, Lake Sevan basks at around 2,000 metres altitude. The lake and its pristine surroundings have been protected as a national park since 1978, ensuring that the varied flora and fauna found here can exist undisturbed. Hares, jackals, martens and wolves are found here along with 267 species of birds and a complex range of plant varieties. Several endemic fish have been recorded in the protected area’s rivers, too. For many visitors it is the scenically sited Sevanavank and Hayravank Monasteries which sit on the water’s edge which are the most memorable aspect of visiting Lake Sevan National Park.

Dilijan National Park

Nicknamed the “Switzerland of Armenia,” Dilijan National Park is known for its dense forests, rolling hills, and alpine lakes. Easily accessible from Yerevan, it’s a popular getaway for hikers and cyclists, with well-maintained hiking and cycling trails connecting the park’s scenic landscapes with medieval monasteries like Haghartsin and Goshavank. You can explore Old Dilijan, a charming district with traditional stone buildings, or stop by the Geological Museum and Art Gallery to learn about the region’s history. Outdoor lovers can enjoy hiking to Parz Lake, a scenic spot for picnicking and boat rides, or lace up their boots for a multi-day trek along the Transcaucasian Trail, which traverses through some the park’s most stunning landscapes. Mountain biking is another popular activity, with rentals available at the Dilijan Tourist Information Centre.

Lake Arpi National Park

A wetland site situated in Armenia’s north west and important enough to be listed by RAMSAR, Lake Arpi is another beautiful lake which, together with its surroundings, is protected as a national park. This lake is also located at just over 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) altitude, and holds significant appeal for naturalists and bird watchers with rich biodiversity including 190 species of birds. The lake supports a variety of migratory and nesting birds, including a large colony of Armenian gulls, and is thought to be the only place in the country where you can find nesting Dalmatian pelicans. Look out for greylag geese, Egyptian vultures and imperial eagles here, too.

Arevik National Park

Set in Armenia’s southern Syunik Province, Arevik National Park is a hidden gem nature destination in Armenia. Spanning over 344 square miles, the park boasts a rugged mix of mountains, forests, and meadows, with the Meghri mountain range providing a dramatic backdrop. The park’s remote setting is a haven for wildlife, home to the elusive Caucasian leopard, bezoar goats, and brown bears, while birdwatchers can spot golden eagles and bearded vultures soaring above. For outdoor enthusiasts, hiking and wildlife watching are the main draws, with the park’s scenic trails winding through the diverse and picturesque ecosystems. Guided tours are recommended for those unfamiliar with the terrain.

Georgia

Kolkheti National Park

Down by the Black Sea coast in the lowlands of western Georgia, an area between the outflows of the Supsa and Tikori rivers has been designated a national park since 1999. The major feature of the park is the wetland ecosystem which attracts a vast array of waterfowl and makes an interesting destination for keen birders. At the last count more than 190 different birds had been recorded in the area, most notably the Kolkhi pheasant which is thought to originate from here. The main activities in the park, as well as birdwatching from designated hides, include boat trips on the lakes and fishing.

Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park

Known for its healthful mineral water and pristine forests, this national park spans a variety of habitat zones as it ranges in altitude from 800 meters (2624 feet) to 2,750 meters (9,022 feet). It is a haven for hikers and nature lovers due to the well established trails that weave through the ancient forested areas and the open alpine meadows. Spring is a particularly special time to visit because of the profusion of wild flowers and the presence of large flocks of colorful bee-eaters in the park. The mammalian fauna here is equally unique – keep your eyes peeled for wolf, chamois, brown bear, lynx and red deer.

Tusheti National Park

For those seeking an off-the-grid adventure in the Greater Caucasus, Tusheti National Park is a top choice. One of Georgia’s most beautiful yet remote destinations, it features towering peaks, deep gorges, and wildflower-filled meadows. The journey to Tusheti is an adventure in itself, as it’s accessible only via the infamous Abano Pass. (It’s one of the world’s most dangerous roads, open only from June to October.) Once there, you can explore ancient watchtowers, trek along the Tusheti-Khevsureti Trail, or ride horseback between remote villages. Historic stone villages like Omalo, Dartlo, and Diklo offer a glimpse into Georgia’s past. This region in Georgia is special, as semi-nomadic shepherds still practice centuries-old traditions, moving their flocks through the mountains each summer.  It’s here that you can try traditional Tush cuisine like Guda cheese and kotori.

Kazbegi National Park

The section of high peaks in the Greater Caucasus around Stepantsminda is protected as the rugged Kazbegi National Park, one of the standout national parks of the Caucasus. This dramatic and beautiful landscape is where birds of prey soar above wild valleys, and ancient churches perch on lofty bluffs. It’s a land steeped in myths and legends, with many Georgian folk tales tied to the icy crags of Mount Kazbegi. While mystery may linger around its tallest peaks, the people of the Kazbegi region are known for their deep-rooted hospitality, offering visitors a particularly warm welcome. The old military road that winds over the mountains is incredibly scenic, with excellent chances of spotting majestic birds of prey. And the hike to the iconic Gergeti Trinity Church is a must-do experience.

Lagodekhi National Park

Lagodekhi National Park is the country’s oldest protected area and one of its most biodiverse, located in Georgia‘s Kakheti region. Nestled against the border of Azerbaijan, the park features dense broadleaf forests, alpine meadows, and glacial lakes. The park is an eco-tourism hotspot, particularly with birdwatchers, loved by locals and visitors alike for its well-marked trails that lead to beautiful natural landmarks. The Black Rock Lake Trail is a must-do for those looking for a challenging hike. The trek winds through semi-alpine and alpine zones, reaching the glacial Black Rock Lake at almost 10,000 feet. Other highlights include the Gurgeniani Waterfall, a 130-foot cascade with river crossings along the way, as well as the 9th-century Machi Fortress that was once a summer retreat for Kakhetian kings.

Make it happen

The Caucasus is a region of breathtaking natural beauty, home to a rich variety of landscapes, wildlife, and plant life. The national parks of the Caucasus preserve some of the area’s most vital ecosystems and offer a chance to experience its unspoiled wilderness up close. Our local experts know these parks, and their countries, inside and out, so reach out today to start planning your adventure.