The road less traveled: Bukhara, a Silk Road gem in Uzbekistan

The city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is one of the most fascinating stops on the ancient Silk Road. This old city in the heart of Central Asia feels like a living museum. This ancient city was once invaded by Genghis Khan and ruled by the Bukhara Emir. Later, it became part of the Soviet Union. So, with its blue domes, terracotta bricks, and beautiful courtyards, Bukhara is full of history.

You can walk through the old town and explore stunning architecture, peaceful inner courtyards, and vibrant local markets. From the Kalyan Mosque and Minaret to the Ark Fortress and Bolo Hauz Mosque, there’s something around every corner. Whether you’re into history, architecture, or food, Bukhara has it all. This guide will cover the top things to do in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, plus tips on how to get around and what not to miss in this underrated Silk Road city.

Nine top things to do in Bukhara

There’s no shortage of unforgettable sights in Bukhara. Here are the top places to explore when you visit the city that will make for an epic Uzbekistan trip.

1. Wander around Kalon Square and the Poi Kalyan Ensemble

Kalon Square is the heart of old Bukhara. It’s home to the majestic Kalyan Mosque, Kalyan Minaret, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasa, together forming the Poi Kalyan ensemble. These are some of the most iconic buildings in this part of Asia. This area tells the story of an ancient city that survived Mongol invasions and thrived as a Silk Road trading post.

Most tourists snap a few pictures and leave, but the magic is in staying. Walk the old streets south of the square. At dusk, the Old City feels like a movie set when the locals stroll in traditional silk robes.

Don’t miss the Mir-i-Arab Madrasa and its blue tiles that change color as the sun sets. It’s one of the most beautiful pieces of Islamic architecture in Bukhara. The area is peaceful, especially in the early morning or late evening.

2. Explore the Ark of Bukhara (Ark Fortress)

The Ark Fortress, also called the Ark of Bukhara, is a symbol of royal power. It once housed the Emirs of Bukhara, and parts of it date back over 1,500 years. You’ll find museums inside that honor the city’s past, from Zoroastrian temples to the days when Genghis Khan invaded Bukhara.

Walk through its thick walls and large inner courtyard. It’s easy to picture the drama of old battles, royal courts, and shifting empires. This is Bukhara’s oldest structure, and one of its most important, so some sections are in ruins, but that adds to the appeal.

The Ark sits in the city’s center, making it an easy stop during your tour. Nearby are souvenir shops, local markets, and covered bazaars once used by traders from the Middle East. Come early to avoid crowds and the heat.

3. Visit the Bolo Hauz Mosque

Right across from the Ark of Bukhara is the stunning Bolo Hauz Mosque. Don’t confuse it with an earlier mosque of the same name. It’s an 18th-century building that is one of the top sites in the Bukhara region. It’s also within easy walking distance of other central squares and landmarks.

This is one of Bukhara’s most photogenic spots. Its slender wooden columns reflect beautifully in the hauz (pond) in front. The mosque was used by the last Emir of Bukhara, Alim Khan, before the fall of the monarchy.

The mosque is known for its intricate painted ceilings and peaceful vibe. Early morning is the best time to visit, because you’ll see locals coming for prayers and fewer tourists. Sit by the pond, take in the view, and imagine Bukhara in its royal days. It’s a peaceful break amid this bustling historic city.

4. Discover the charm of Chor Minor

Chor Minor means “four minarets”, and this quirky building is unlike anything else in Bukhara. It’s tucked into a quiet corner of the Old Town, so you’ll need to wander a bit off the main path, but that’s part of the fun.

This former gatehouse was built by a wealthy merchant and has four distinct minarets, each with unique decorations. Though it’s small, it’s incredibly photogenic. The architecture blends Persian, Indian, and Central Asian styles, showing the city’s Silk Road connections.

It’s surrounded by souvenir stalls, a few great restaurants, and local life. You might catch traditional dances in the nearby square or chat with friendly shopkeepers selling handmade crafts.

The site is close to many boutique hotels and is an easy walk from Lyabi Hauz plaza. It’s a must-see if you’re into unique architecture and want to discover hidden corners of old Bukhara.

5. Step into royal life at Sitorai Mokhi Khosa Palace

The Sitorai Mokhi Khosa Palace was the summer palace of the Emir of Bukhara, and it’s like stepping into a different world. Located just outside the city center, this palace blends Russian, Persian, and Uzbek styles. Think chandeliers, stained glass, and intricate carvings everywhere you look.

Built by the last royal family of Bukhara before the Soviet Union took over, it shows how East and West met in the Bukhara region. The palace grounds are peaceful and surrounded by gardens.

You’ll also find a small museum with royal clothes, furniture, and gifts from abroad. This is a great break from the dusty ancient city streets. You’ll get a different angle on the city’s history and political past. Plan to spend at least an hour here – it’s worth it.

6. Visit the Ismail Samani Mausoleum

Tucked away near the old city wall, the Ismail Samani Mausoleum is one of Bukhara’s oldest structures and a true architectural masterpiece. Built in the 9th-10th century, it honors Ismail Samani, founder of the Samanid dynasty. This Zoroastrian-influenced Islamic tomb marks a turning point in Central Asian architecture.

The mausoleum is made entirely of terracotta bricks, arranged in beautiful, complex patterns that change with the light. It’s a quiet spot, especially if you visit outside peak times (early morning or mid-afternoon). You’ll often have it all to yourself, and it’s an easy walk from the Ark Fortress and the Chashma Ayub Mausoleum, making it ideal for a short historical circuit.

This site may not be flashy, but it’s powerful. When you visit, you’re standing in one of the most important pre-Mongol buildings in Central Asia, right here in the heart of old Bukhara.

7. Stop by the Chashma Ayub Mausoleum

The Chashma Ayub Mausoleum, near the Ismail Samani Mausoleum, is less visited but full of legend. Its name means “Job’s Spring” in Persian, based on the story that the prophet Job (Ayub) struck the ground here and a spring appeared. Locals believe the water still has healing properties.

The mausoleum was built between the 12th and 16th centuries and features a rare conical dome, unusual for Uzbek cities. The mix of architectural styles reflects Bukhara’s long and layered past, from pre-Islamic roots to Soviet Union times.

Inside, there’s a small museum on Bukhara’s water systems and ancient wells. It’s not large, but it’s fascinating, especially if you enjoy the engineering side of historical buildings.

8. Wander the covered bazaars of Old Bukhara

No visit to Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is complete without getting lost in the city’s historic covered bazaars. These ancient trading domes were once a major stop on the Silk Road. Merchants from the Middle East, Persia, and India once sold silk, spices, and jewels under these vaulted ceilings.

Today, the souvenir shops inside offer handmade Uzbek crafts, including embroidered textiles, ceramics, knives, and traditional clothing. It’s touristy in parts, but still authentic. Chat with the vendors, enjoy the cool shade, and take your time. Haggling is expected, but done with a smile.

The main bazaars are the Toqi Zargaron, Toqi Sarrafon, and Toqi Telpak Furushon domes. Exploring these trading domes is like stepping into a living museum, one where you can bring home a piece of this ancient Silk Road city.

9. Explore the Chor Bakr Necropolis

The UNESCO-listed Chor Bakr Necropolis is a hidden gem just west of the city. It’s not as famous as other sights, but it’s one of the most tranquil. This ancient cemetery complex dates back to the 16th century and is filled with mausoleums, shady courtyards, and gorgeous architecture.

The site honors the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, and local people still come to pray here. The atmosphere is quiet and respectful. It’s perfect if you want to escape the crowds and see a more spiritual side of Bukhara.

You’ll see weathered terracotta bricks, elegant archways, and remnants of a once-grand complex. Walk slowly, take photos, and listen to the silence. It’s less touristy than the Ark Citadel or Kalon Complex, but just as memorable. You can’t not add this stop to your list of must-see places during your Central Asia tour.

Best time to visit Bukhara

The best time to visit is during spring (April to June) and fall (September to early November). These months offer mild temperatures, perfect for exploring the city without the intense summer heat. In summer, Bukhara city can get very hot, especially around the city hub and historical sites like the Kalyan Mosque.

Spring brings blooming gardens, while fall offers cooler evenings perfect for enjoying rooftop cafés with views over the old town. Winters can be cold and quiet, but if you don’t mind brisk weather, the fewer tourists make it a peaceful time to see the city’s rich history.

Tips for visiting Bukhara

Planning to visit Bukhara? Here are some helpful tips to make the most of this ancient Silk Road city in Central Asia.

• Stay in the old town: Choose centrally located accommodation in Old Bukhara. You’ll be within walking distance of key sights like the Kalyan Mosque, Mir-i-Arab Madrasa, and the Ark of Bukhara. Staying in the old city means you can explore at your own pace, especially in the cooler early morning or during golden hour.
• Bring cash for souvenir stalls and local markets: Many souvenir shops in the covered bazaars don’t accept cards. You’ll need Uzbek soms to shop for local crafts, spices, or textiles. Visit a local market for fresh fruit or souvenirs and enjoy chatting with the friendly vendors.
• Dress respectfully: Bukhara is known for its rich Islamic architecture and religious sites. When visiting mosques like the Bolo Hauz Mosque or Kalyan Mosque, cover your shoulders and knees. A light scarf for women can be useful when entering religious buildings.
• Enjoy local Bukhara food: There are plenty of great restaurants serving local Uzbek cuisine near Lyabi Hauz and Po-i-Kalyan. Try plov (rice pilaf), lagman (hand-pulled noodles), and shashlik (grilled meat). Grab a cold drink at a café while watching the sunset over a beautiful courtyard.
• Take time to wander: Many sites, like the Ismail Samani Mausoleum or Chashma Ayub Mausoleum, are easy to reach and understand on your own. Once you grasp the city’s rich history, it’s a joy to just explore. You’ll discover hidden inner courtyards, quiet souvenir stalls, and even stumble on a Zoroastrian temple ruin or two.
• Travel by train when possible: Train travel is comfortable, efficient, and scenic. You can visit Uzbekistan’s other cities, like Samarkand, via a high-speed train. Uzbekistan Railway tickets can be bought online or at the train station. It’s the best way to explore the wider Bukhara region and beyond.
• Watch for performances in the evenings: In summer, you might catch dances or music in public squares or guesthouse courtyards. Keep your eyes open near central squares like Lyabi Hauz. Performances are usually free and a fun way to experience local culture.
• Avoid peak midday heat: In warmer months, it’s best to explore in the morning or late afternoon.
• Read up on the history: Knowing a bit about the Bukhara Emir, the last emir, or how Genghis Khan once invaded Bukhara, brings these places to life. You’ll understand the importance of landmarks like the Ark of Bukhara or the Kalyan complex much better.

Read more: Trip tips for traveling the Silk Route

How to get to Bukhara

Getting to Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is easier than many expect. The city is well connected to major hubs in Central Asia and beyond. Most international travelers fly into Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Uzbek Airways offers convenient flights to Tashkent from many global airports.

From Tashkent, you can catch a high-speed train or a shared taxi to Bukhara. The train is comfortable and reliable, making it a popular choice. You’ll enjoy scenic views of the region along the way.

Bukhara also has a small airport, which receives direct flights from Tashkent and regional cities. However, international flights are limited.

Once in Bukhara, the city center and main attractions like the Kalyan Mosque are nearby. For further travel, shared taxis and local buses are widely available.

FAQs about visiting Bukhara

Here are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about visiting ancient Bukhara. If you have any lingering concerns, these are sure to help.

How many days do I need to visit Bukhara?

To really enjoy old Bukhara, plan for a minimum of three nights. This gives you time to explore the highlights at a relaxed pace.

Can I use credit cards in Bukhara?

Cash is preferred. Bring USD or EUR to exchange. ATMs are also available near the city center.

Is Bukhara safe for travelers?

Yes, Bukhara is considered one of the safest cities in Uzbekistan. Just take usual travel precautions, especially in busy market areas or when using shared taxis.

Can I visit Bukhara on a day trip from Samarkand?

It’s possible, but not ideal. The cities are about 174 miles (280km) apart, and travel takes 4-5 hours by road or train. Staying overnight in Bukhara lets you enjoy the movement of the city and its historical buildings without rushing.

How do I get around Bukhara?

The best way to get there is on foot in the old town. For longer trips, use shared taxis or local buses. The train station connects Bukhara with other Uzbek cities like Samarkand and Tashkent.

Make it happen

If you want to experience the magic of this ancient city, now is the perfect time to plan your visit. Explore the land, taste delicious Uzbek cuisine, and soak in the local culture. Start your journey today and discover why it remains a captivating stop on the Silk Road: get in touch with our local experts in Uzbekistan to get the ball rolling.