China high-speed rail: the ultimate travel guide to China’s bullet train

When you think of bullet trains, Japan might be first to come to mind. However, the China high-speed rail network has quickly risen through the ranks and is now considered the largest in the world. One of the most remarkable lines runs from Beijing to Guangzhou—a journey spanning over 2,100 km (1,305 miles) and completed in just eight hours. To put that in perspective, it’s like going from London to Naples in the same amount of time.

Modern bullet trains now connect Beijing to Shanghai, Xi’an (home of the Terracotta Army), Chengdu, Hong Kong, and many other destinations in China. A journey that once required domestic flights can now be done entirely by train. It’s greener and often cheaper than flying. Whether you’re a solo traveler or going on a family trip to China, traveling by high-speed train is one of the best ways to experience the country. This guide covers all you need to know, from booking tickets and picking your seats to what you can expect onboard and at your destination.

Why take a high-speed train in China?

China’s high-speed trains are fast, frequent, and shockingly efficient. You can travel at speeds of up to 350 km/h (217 mph), making city-to-city and cross-country trips smooth and quick.

In the last decade, inter-city travel by high-speed trains in China has largely beaten that of domestic flights, due to the shorter travel time (including check-in) and cost. This rapid high-speed rail expansion has even led to permanent cancellations of air services.

But speed isn’t the only benefit. Trains offer panoramic countryside views, central station arrivals, and a seamless, comfortable ride. If you’re new to China, you’ll love the simplicity: no language barrier at airport security, no worrying about check-in times or baggage weight limits.

The network connects major cities and regional gems, making it perfect for sightseeing. Plus, it’s a more eco-friendly form of transportation than flying, an easy win for sustainable travel.

China’s high-speed train types

When booking (more on that later), you’ll notice letters in front of train numbers. These tell you the train type and its speed. Understanding the different train types can help you better plan your journey, from arrival times and packing lists to itineraries. Here’s a quick look at train types:

• G – “Gaosu Dongche”: These are the fastest bullet trains, reaching 350 km/h (217 mph). Some newer ones can even reach 420 km/h (261 mph). G-series trains operate during the day between major and popular cities in China, making them ideal for tourists.
• D – “Dongche”: Slightly slower bullet trains traveling between 200 km/h (124 mph) and 250 km/h (155 mph). They often serve popular rail routes, connecting train stations and intermediate cities. D-trains run day and night, making them great for overnight journeys.
• C – “Chengji Dongche”: These bullet trains usually run shorter intercity routes or between cities within a province at an operational speed of around 200 km/h (124 mph).

If you’re traveling between big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, or Xi’an, take a G-train. For shorter regional trips, you might see a D or C option instead. All are clean, modern, and punctual.

Popular Chinese high-speed rail lines and routes for tourists

China is a vast country with scenic cities and landscapes waiting to be explored. That’s why the world’s largest high-speed rail system covers a range of attractions, from ancient towns to economic hubs. Here are some of the most popular high-speed rail lines for you to consider:

Beijing to Shanghai

• Departure: Beijing South Railway Station
• Arrival: Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station

This is one of the busiest and most popular high-speed routes in China. Covering around 1,318 km (819 miles), the journey takes about four to 12 hours, depending on the train and stops.

You’ll glide through vast plains, industrial hubs, and vibrant cities—a true cross-section of modern China. The only drawback is that about 220,000 passengers use this line each day.

Beijing to Xi’an

• Departure: Beijing West Railway Station
• Arrival: Xi’an North Railway Station

This 1,212 km (753-mile) journey takes around four to six hours on a G-series bullet train. It’s a must-do route for culture lovers. You’ll leave China’s political heart and arrive in one of its most historic cities — home to ancient dynasties and the famous Terracotta Army.

Xi’an to Chengdu

• Departure: Xi’an North Railway Station
• Arrival: Chengdu East Railway Station

This 658 km (409-mile) route connects two of China’s most character-filled cities. It takes three to five hours and offers lush views of mountainous regions and rural life. After meeting the mighty Terracotta Army in Xi’an, visit the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

Hong Kong to Guilin

• Departure: Hong Kong West Kowloon Station
• Arrival: Guilin North and Guilin West Railway Stations

Yes, it’s possible to travel from the buzzing international hub to serene karst landscapes in about three to five hours. But you will need to make one of two transfers. Firstly, you can take the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line to the Shenzhen North Railway Station, then board a train to Guilin from there.

Or, you can ride the Guangzhou-Kowloon Through Train from Hung Hom to Guangzhou East Railway Station. Then, take Line 1 to Gongyuanqian Station and transfer to Line 2 to transfer to Guangzhou South Railway Station. From here, you’ll have a choice of 50 trains to Guilin.

Whether you’re going from the lively Hong Kong streets to the technology hub of Shenzhen or culture-loving Guangzhou, you’ll end up surrounded by Guilin’s green hills and rural farmlands.

Beijing to Hong Kong

• Departure: Beijing West Railway Station
• Arrival: Hong Kong West Kowloon Station

This epic route covers approximately 2,246 km (1,397 miles) and takes about eight to 10 hours. It’s a long journey, but great for sightseeing southeast China’s cities and lush landscapes.

Hit all the top attractions in Beijing, like the Summer Palace or the Forbidden City. Take in the scenery along the rail, then shop, eat, and explore Hong Kong’s popular trails and beaches.

How to choose the right class for China high-speed rail journeys

High-speed trains in China offer three main seating classes, namely second, first, and business class. However, depending on the type of train and travel distance, some D-trains don’t have business class seats, while some G-trains offer a superior class. Overnight D-trains usually offer sleeper seats in different classes. The right choice depends on your itinerary and preferences.

Here are some of the most popular seating classes for high-speed trains in China:

• Second class seats: These are the most popular bullet train seats, affordable and yet still very comfortable. Think of them as economy class in flights — 3+2 seating arrangement, padded seats with 90 to 135-degree angle recline, tray tables, and a couple of sockets. These high-speed train seats are considered ideal for budget travelers or short trips.
• First class seats: A step up from second class with 2+2 seating, wider seats, more legroom and a footrest, a quieter environment, and a 150-degree recline. Complimentary bottled water and snacks are often provided, and the toilets tend to be slightly bigger. These train seats are great if you’re traveling longer distances or want more space.
• Superior class seats: These are quite rare but available on some lines. They sit close to the driver’s cabin for more tranquility and offer semi-reclining seats and extra privacy. These bullet train seats have a 1+2 configuration, an audio system, and foldable tables.
• Business class seats: Expect top-tier comfort. You’ll get a sofa-like leather armchair with 180-degree recline (almost like flying business class), power outlets, a mini LCD TV, and minimal crowds. These have a 1+2 (some a 1+1 configuration), making them perfect for long trips or travelers who want to travel luxuriously through China in a high-speed train.

How to buy train tickets in China

Buying bullet train tickets is easy — as long as you plan ahead and know a few handy tips…

Online booking

You can purchase tickets directly from the China train tickets official website, 12306.cn, which you can access via the website or the mobile app. This is the most popular booking platform (particularly for locals), charging no booking fees. It requires a Chinese ID or passport details.

Offline booking

If you prefer to buy tickets in person, you can do so in a couple of ways. Traditionally, you can get your tickets from the rail station ticket counters, but this may involve a language barrier and long queues. Or, you can find an authorized ticket outlet closest to your hotel; these are found throughout cities in mainland China. Bring your passport, payment, and the staff will assist you. Note that bullet train seats are reserved, and tickets open for sale 15-30 days in advance.

Bonus: booking with a travel agent

This is by far the best option for hassle-free travel. At TravelLocal, we offer you an authentic experience by connecting you with expert local guides. You’ll work with your guide to create a tailor-made itinerary of your liking, then the local expert will take care of everything else, from booking accommodation to arranging transportation.

How to get around China’s high-speed railway stations

Chinese train stations are modern but massive—more like airports than traditional rail hubs. So, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed or even lost. There are many facilities, from waiting halls and lounges to shops selling snacks and even restaurants, so it’s important not to get distracted.

Here’s a list of tips and insights to help you navigate a Chinese train station:

• Arrive early: Get to the station about 45 minutes to an hour before departure. This allows you to get an orientation of the station, check in luggage, and go through security.
• Security checks: All stations have mandatory, airport-style checks at the entrance.
• Check your ticket: Tickets show carriages and seats in both Chinese and English.
• Digital screens: Train numbers, platforms, and boarding times are displayed clearly (often in English). They’ll also show the corresponding waiting hall and checking gate.
• Waiting halls: You can’t go to the platform until boarding is announced.
• Boarding gates: Gates usually open 15-20 minutes before departure.

China high-speed rail: onboard experiences on the network’s trains

The onboard experience on the China high-speed rail is like no other — as the largest network in the world, there’s plenty to see out the window, but what can you expect inside the train?

Seating and comfort

The seats are cushioned, clean, and well-spaced. Even second class feels better than some airlines. Reclining options and footrests are standard. There’s cleaning staff on board, and business class seats offer complimentary services like meals, drinks, slippers, hand towels, and more.

Luggage racks and closets

Overhead racks are suitable for carry-on-sized bags. Larger luggage can be placed at the end of the carriages. There are luggage weight allowances: max 10 kg (22 lb) for children and max 20 kg (44 lb) for adults. But it is recommended to pack light if you’re switching trains often.

Don’t be afraid to ask the assistants for help finding missing luggage, and if you find that your stuff is lost after disembarking, fill in a lost baggage form on the 12306.cn official website.

Food and water

You can buy snacks, noodles, and boxed meals from onboard trolleys. There’s hot water at the end of each carriage—handy for tea or instant noodles.

Entertainment

Some bullet trains have seat-back screens or shared monitors. Most people use their own devices, so don’t forget your headphones. If you’re traveling with kids, it’s best to bring your own entertainment—coloring books, puzzles, and non-messy crafts are all fantastic options.

Wi-Fi is available in some of the newer bullet trains, but it can be unreliable. So, it’s best to download entertainment for yourself and your loved ones in advance, just in case.

Toilets and washrooms

Western and Chinese-style (squat) toilets are both available. They’re kept clean and are located at the end of the carriages. There is also a barrier-free washroom for people with disabilities, between two carriages, fourth and fifth, on an eight-carriage high-speed train. This washroom is where you’ll find a baby care room—equipped with a diaper changing table and safety belt.

China high-speed rail network: frequently asked questions

Still have some unanswered questions about the China high-speed rail? Here are a few straightforward answers to the most frequently asked questions about bullet trains. Of course, our local experts are always on hand to help ease any more concerns, so be sure to reach out to them.

How fast is a high-speed rail in China?

G-trains run at a top speed of 350 km/h (217 mph); some experimental models have reached 420 km/h (261 mph). Other types are operated by speeds ranging between 200 km/h (124 mph) and 250 km/h (155 mph), so whichever one you pick, you’ll zip across provinces in no time.

How much does the bullet train cost per km in China?

It varies by route and class, but you can expect to pay roughly ¥0.3-¥0.5 Yuan ($0,041-$0,068 USD) per km in second class. A Beijing–Shanghai trip costs around ¥550 Yuan ($75 USD) in second class.

What happens if you miss your train in China?

You’ll need to rebook at the station. If there’s another train soon and seats are available, staff may switch your ticket. However, there are no refunds after departure.

Are trains in China punctual?

Yes, impressively so. Bullet trains usually depart on the dot. Arrive early and don’t take chances with tight transfers. Otherwise, you’ll find yourself scrambling to rebook a ticket.

Make it happen

The China high-speed rail network makes discovering the country easier than ever. From buzzing cities to tranquil riverscapes, there’s no better way to soak in China’s extensive contrasts. Whether you’re after the Beijing to Shanghai train or a long-distance ride on the world’s longest HSR line from Beijing to Guangzhou, bullet trains offer a seamless travel experience. Booking ahead, understanding the stations, and knowing what to expect on board will make your trip smoother. Our local experts can help you with all this and more as part of personalized itinerary planning, so reach out to them today.